Gallery of maps and views of Delft
from the 16th and 17th centuries
Delft in 1536 after city-wide fire |
1536Fire, begun probably by lightning, perhaps striking the Nieuwe Kerk and carried by the wind northwestward, burnt perhaps a third of the houses in Delft, including the city's archives in the Stadhuis. |
Delft in 1536 after the fire |
Another map of Delft documenting the damage caused by the fire in 1536. It is similar enough to the other known post-fire map that one clearly derived from the other. This map shows more devastation. Also, it has no bridge at the Waterslootse Poort (top) or the Koepoort (bottom). It has a developed bulwark in the top right corner along with a fifth windmill. |
Delft in 1556 - Deventer |
1556Jacob van Deventer (Kampen, c. 1500/1505 - Cologne, 1575) made this map of Delft as one of his series of over 250 maps of cities and towns in the Spanish Netherlands, commissioned for military purposes by King Philip II. For those purposes, it would have paid special attention to the points of access to the city. Both the Rotterdamse/Schiedamse gates and the Haag/Wateringse gates at either end of the Oude Delft gracht are clearly double and parallel gates. There are no ramparts at the top left corner near the Haagpoort nor in front of the Waterslootse Poort. |
Delft in 1560 (left) |
1560In 1729, Boitet published an updated and expanded version of Bleyswijk's Beschrijving der Stadt Delft from 1667. Boitet's version was illustrated with most of the side panels from Bleyswijk's Kaart Figuratief from 1678. In addition, it has a two-page map labeled "Afbeelding van Delft na een afteekening van den jare 1560 gemaakt" (Picture of Delft made after a drawing of 1560). This is the map of 1560 Boitet was referring to. To the extent that it is accurate, it shows how much of the city had been rebuilt after the fire in 1536. The left half shows the southern part of the city. It is derived from the post-fire maps that show the Rotterdamse Poort and Oostpoort spanning the singel. On the top, it has no bridge at the Waterslootse Poort. On the bottom, no bridge at the Koepoort. |
Delft in 1560 (right) |
The right half shows the northern part of the city. In the top right it has the five windmills and the ramparts. The Haagpoort looks like a single gate. |
Delft in 1567 - Guicciardini |
1567A view of Delft published first in Guicciardini's Description of the Low Countries in 1567. It is a close copy of the earlier map of 1560. |
Delft in 1567 - Meisner |
Delft from Daniel Meisner's (1585-1625) Thesaurus Philopoliticus, published in 1630. Missing the Watersloot gate and counting the spires, it is clearly derived from Guicciardini's Description of the Low Countries in 1567. |
Delft in 1580 |
1580This map, in several versions, has been attributed to several people between the late 1500's and the mid-1600's. The earliest attribution is to Lodovico Guicciardini (1521–1589), which would mean that it was made somewhere around 1580. A copperplate version was engraved by Pieter van den Keere (Petrus Kaerius, 1571 - c 1646). This particular version is from Civitates Orbis Terrarum, a six-volume city atlas with 546 maps and illustrations published by Frans Hogenberg and Georg Braun in Cologne between 1572 and 1617. While it is clearly based on the earlier maps with what look like single gates at either end of the Oude Delft gracht, this is the first map with the Schoolpoort and bridge and with a bridge (but no rampart yet) for the Waterslootse Poort. Funereal-looking boats seem to be leaving the Duyvel's Gat. |
Delft in 1606 - Westland |
1606This map of Westland shows Delft's relationship to Rotterdam to the south and the larger Den Haag to the north. Note the canals connecting the cities, which enabled the free flow of people and thus labor, capital, and ideas, throughout the country. |
Delft in 1615 - Vroom |
1615Oil on panel by Hendrik Cornelis Vroom (1562–1640). It hangs in the Stedelijk Museum Het Prinsenhof in Delft. The view is one that no one ever saw until the invention of airplanes. The Buitenwatersloot was a major route for goods and people and led to Delft's most impressive and fortified gate, the Watersloot Poort. On the far right is the newly dug Kolk, the triangular-shaped harbor in front of the Schiedamse Poort. The Schie went off in that direction, south, toward Rotterdam, Delftshaven, and Schiedam. Some of Leeuwenhoek's relatives owned property farther along the Buitenwatersloot, just out of the painting's frame, probably as gardens. |
Delft in 1622 - Baudartius |
1622Willem Baudaert's (Baudartius 1565-1640) Polemographia Auraico Belgica was published in 1622 by Michael Colinius in Amsterdam. It described conditions at the beginning of the 80 Years War in the late 1500's and included this view of Delft. It was derived from an image by Frans Hogenberg. It is not very accurate. Among other things, if the gate in the middle is the Wateringsloot Poort, then the churches' relative positions should be reversed.
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Delft in 1648 |
1648Delft in border print from Leonis Hollandiae by Visscher, published in 1648 |
Delft in 1649 |
1649This is an engraved version of Joan Blaeu's map of Delft. It is based on one in Boxhorn's book Toneel Ofte Beschryvinge Der Steden Van Hollandt, which I can't find. However, Boxhorn's book has a map of Delfshaven that has similarities to Blaeu's maps. |
Delft in 1649 |
Delft Batavorum from Blaeu's Toonneel der Steden, edited by Willem and Joan Blaeu, 1652. It was published in Amsterdam in just three years after the peace of Munster and the Spanish acknowledgement of the Dutch Republic. The map, according to the conventions of the time, is laid out for the most balanced design. North is toward the top left corner, not straight up. The canal off the left, the Vliet, connects Delft to Leiden, twelve miles north. Leeuwenhoek may well have traveled that canal to go to school in Warmond and to his apprenticeship in Amsterdam. The canal off the right, the Delftse Schie, connects Delft eight miles to Delftshaven, the harbor on the Maas River, and thus out to the North Sea. Note that Delft had six gates to pass over the outer moat, the singel, in Delft also referred to as the vest. Only one gate remains, the Oostpoort in the top right corner. |
Delft in 1649 (detail) north side |
Detail of left (north) side of Blaeu's Delfi Batavorum. |
Delft in 1649 (detail) south side |
Detail of right (south) side of Blaeu's Delfi Batavorum. |
Delft in 1654 - Thunderclap - van der Poel |
1654This view of Delft after the biggest disaster that happened to the city during Leeuwenhoek's lifetime, the gunpowder explosion in October 1654. Van der Poel lost a daughter in the explosion and ensuring fire. He spent the rest of his life repeatedly painting variations on this scene. |
Delft in 1654 - Thunderclap - Vosmaer |
A view of the devastation caused by the gunpowder explosion in October 1654 painted by Daniel Vosmaer, a Delft native like van der Poel. |
Delft in 1659 |
1659Engraved map of Delft by Jan Peeters for Matthäus Merian's Topographia Germaniae Inferioris. It emphasizes the grachten (city canals). |
Delft in 1660 - Vermeer |
1660The point of view of this painting is the west bank of the Schie looking north over the Stadskolk at the Schiedam Gate in the middle and the Rotterdam Gate on the right. |
Delft in 1672 |
1672Map of Delft in 1672, published by Boitet in 1729. |
Delft in 1678 - Kaart Figuratief |
1678The Kaart Figuratief was paid for by the city of Delft and made by a team supervised by Dirck Everts van Bleyswijck. It was first printed from (still available) copper plates in 1678 and distributed throughout the Netherlands and the world by the city, trying to promote itself after the disaster year of 1672. It prominently features the city's gateway to the world, Delfshaven, and an array of impressive public buildings. It was often re-published and adapted and the side views were used in the second edition of Bleyswijck's Beschryvinge der Stadt Delft as well as the expanded version by Boitet in 1729. Among others, Johannes Verkolje drew the church buildings and the broad view of the city across the top. Jacob Spoors, surveyor, led the group that provided measurements to update and correct Blaeu's map. Johannes de Ram did the actual engraving of the map itself. Learn more about the buildings in the side views at Essential Vermeer's Dirck Van Bleyswyck's Kaart Figuratief. A grey-scale print of the first edition of this map is in the Delft city archives. |
Delft in 1678 - Kaart Figuratief (northeast) |
The northeast (top left) quadrant of Bleyswick's Kaart Figuratief, first published in 1678. |
Delft in 1678 - Kaart Figuratief (northwest) |
The northwest (bottom left) quadrant of Bleyswick's Kaart Figuratief, first published in 1678. |
Delft in 1678 - Kaart Figuratief (southeast) |
The southeast (top right) quadrant of Bleyswick's Kaart Figuratief, first published in 1678. |
Delft in 1678 - Kaart Figuratief (southwest) |
The southwest (bottom right) quadrant of Bleyswick's Kaart Figuratief, first published in 1678. |
Delft in 1678 - Verkolje |
View of Delft from the top of the full wall version of the Kaart Figuratief. This profile and the two churches on either side were drawn by Johan Verkolje, the same painter who did the Leeuwenhoek portraits a couple of years later. The Waterslootse Poort in the center has a fully developed rampart. The bridge led to the Buitenwatersloot, Delft's first housing development outside the walls. In the bottom right corner is the north end of the city lumber yard. The city walls are covered with hawthorn bushes and their nasty thorns. |
Delft in 1712 - Kruikius |
1712This large map shows Delfland, which was the responsibility of the Hoogheemraadschap van Delfland, the folks who managed the water system. Nicolaas Samuels Kruikius (or Cruquius, 1678-1754) with the help of his surveyor brother Jacob, finished it in 1712. Its accuracy compares well to aerial photographs showing the same polders still divided by the same sloots today. |
Delft in 1712 - Kruikius (detail) |
The polders around Delft in Leeuwenhoek's time, now housing the bulk of Delft's almost hundred thousand citizens. On the map, the straight black lines are raised dikes between the drained fields. The land in South Holland had been managed for centuries, since 1289, by the Hoogheemraadschap van Delfland. This water control board managed the water barriers (dikes), the waterways (canals), the water levels, and the water quality. It did not manage the water supply for human use. Along with the other ancient water boards, the oldest forms of local government in the Netherlands, the Hoogheemraadschap set the stage for the decentralized Dutch Republic's astounding success in its Golden Age.
Comparing these old maps to what you see today on Google Earth reveals almost exactly the same pattern. In other words, other than pavement poured on the tops of many dikes for auto and bike traffic, the South Holland countryside hasn't changed much in the last 400 years. It was crowded and the land was all accounted for then; it's the same now.
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Delft in 2010 |
2010Screenshot from Google Earth, oriented with north at the top. Embedded map below. |